断る

ことわる
to refuse
to inform
to ask leave
to decline
to dismiss

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ことわる【断る】

①［拒否する］

〔拒絶する， 拒む， 辞退する〕

*refuse

|自|拒絶する

refuse absolutely ［point-blank］ きっぱり断る.

|他|〖D〗 (人が)(申し出・要求・招待など)を(きっぱり)断る， 辞退する(⇔accept)《◆ decline の方が断り方が丁重. reject はrefuse より語調が強い》

Most likely she will refuse the offer. 彼女はおそらくその申し出を断るだろう

find a pretext for refusing the invitation 招待を断るうまい口実を見つける

refuse admittance 入場を断る.

*reject

|他|〖D〗 (援助・提案・申し出など)を(きっぱり， すげなく)拒絶する， (受け入れるのを)断る；(人・訴えなど)をはねつける， 却下する(⇔accept)《◆ refuse， turn down より強調的で堅い語》.

*decline

《正式》|自|〖D〗 (丁重に)断る， 辞退［拒否］する

decline with thanks せっかくだがと断る.

|他|〖D〗 ［SVO/to do］(招待・申し出など)を［…することを］(丁重に)断る， 拒否する， 辞退する(⇔accept)《◆ refuse よりおだやかな拒否を表す》

She declined our offer. 我々の申し出の受け入れを彼女は断った

His reception into the club was declined. 彼の入会は断られた.

pass up

［他］《略式》(要求・仕事・食事など)を断る；(契約・機会など)を(あえて)見送る.

turn down

［他］〖D〗 (応募者・申し出など)を断る， はねつける《◆ reject， refuse より遠回しな表現》

I proposed to her and she turned me down. 彼女に結婚を申し込んだが断られた.

▲give a flat denial きっぱり断る

make a negative reply to the request 要求を断る返事をする

answer with a definite no きっぱりと断る

give a square refusal きっぱりと断る.

②［前もって知らせる・許可を得る］

〔了解を得る， 予告する〕 ⇒ きょか

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ことわる【断る】

1 〔拒絶する〕 refuse 《a bribe, an office, a gift》; reject; turn down; 《米》 throw sb down; 〔辞退する〕 decline 《an invitation》; turn down; refuse; say no; excuse oneself; ask to be excused 《from attending》.

●縁談を断る turn down [decline, refuse] an offer to be introduced to somebody [a possible marriage partner]

・借金の依頼を断る refuse [turn down] a request for a loan; refuse to lend sb money

・出席を断る say that one cannot attend; excuse oneself from attendance [attending 《a party》]

・人の入場を断る do not let sb in; 《文》 deny sb admittance; deny admittance to sb

・申し出を断る reject [turn down] an offer [a suggestion, a proposal]

・客を断る turn away visitors [customers]

・注文を断る decline (to fulfill) an order; do not accept an order

・にべもなく断る refuse flatly; decline outright; say an outright no; give [make] a curt refusal

・彼女からの依頼であれば無下に断るわけにもいかない. (In her case) I can't just refuse her request outright. | I cannot just flatly turn her down.

●忙しくて行かれないと断ってください. Tell them that I'm too busy to go.

・会いたくないと言って断ってください. Tell them [Say] that I don't want to see them.

・女性に頼まれると断りにくいね. It's difficult to refuse a lady.

・どうしても断りきれなかった. I just couldn't (bring myself to) refuse. | I simply had to accept.

2 〔事前に通告する〕 give sb notice [warning]; warn 《sb》; tell 《sb》 (in advance); 〔了解を得る〕 ask (for) permission; ask sb (in advance); get permission; ask sb's permission [leave].

●断らずに 〔予告せずに〕 without (previous) notice; without (advance) warning; without saying 《so》 in advance [beforehand]; 〔了解なく〕 without permission [leave]

・断らずに外出する go out without (asking [getting, obtaining]) permission; 〔知らせずに〕 go out without telling 《one's parents》.

●はっきり断っておくが, これは私専用だ. I want to [Let me] make this absolutely [crystal] clear. Nobody is to use this except me. | Let's be clear about this. I am the only person who can use this.

・ひとこと断っておくが…. I'd like you to remember that…. | May I remind you that…? | Please remember [don't forget]….

・明日の予定の変更は電話で断っておいた. I phoned to warn her about the change in tomorrow's plans.

・だれに断ってそんなことをしたのか. Who gave you permission to [said you could] do that?

・だれかに断りましたか. Have you got permission?